Ahmed Diriye has led Al-Shabaab since 2014, maintaining its strength through territorial control, coercive recruitment, and an estimated $100 million annual revenue. Under Diriye, Al-Shabaab has adapted to U.S. airstrikes…
Sultani Makenga's M23 movement seeks political recognition and territorial control, utilising state weakness and Tutsi marginalization. President Tshisekedi aims to restore state authority and delegitimize M23 through military action and…
Venâncio Mondlane challenged the legitimacy of Mozambique’s 2024 elections, accusing the ruling Frelimo party of fraud, which led to violent clashes and gaining support from marginalized groups. Mondlane’s calls for…
Ruto's 2023 Finance Bill has triggered protests, undermining his governance amid growing unrest and economic instability in Kenya. Opposition from the judiciary, parliament, and public discontent has stalled his reforms,…